7 Waste Management Implications

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 This section presents the assessment of waste management implications associated with the construction and operation of the Project.

7.1.2 Waste mitigation measures such as waste handling, storage and disposal have been suggested in Sections 7.6 and 7.7.

7.2 Legislations, Standards & Guidelines

7.2.1 According to Clause 3.4.7 of the EIA Study Brief, the waste management criteria shall follow Annex 7 and Annex 15 of the Technical Memorandum on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (EIAO-TM) and the specified technical requirements in Appendix F of the EIA Study Brief.

7.2.2 The below Ordinances cover the treatment, handling and disposal of waste for this Project:

· Waste Disposal Ordinance (Cap. 354);

· Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation (Cap. 354C);

· Waste Disposal (Clinical Waste) (General) Regulation (Cap. 354O);

· Waste Disposal (Charges for Disposal of Construction Waste) Regulation (Cap. 354N);

· Land (Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap. 28);

· Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance (Cap. 132); and

· Public Cleansing and Prevention of Nuisances Regulation (Cap. 132BK).

Waste Disposal Ordinance (Cap. 354)

7.2.3 The Waste Disposal Ordinance (WDO) prohibits any unauthorised disposal of waste. Waste can only be disposed of at designed waste disposal facilities licenced by the Environmental Protection Department (EPD) under the WDO. Breach of this Ordinance can lead to a fine and/or imprisonment. The WDO also stipulates the requirements for issuing licences for the collection and transportation of waste.

Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation (Cap. 354C)

7.2.4 According to the definition under the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation, chemical waste includes scrap materials or unwanted substances specified under Schedule 1 of the Regulation, if such a substance or chemical occurs in such a form, quantity or concentration that causes pollution or constitutes a danger to health or risk of pollution to the environment. The Regulation provides regulations for chemical waste control, and administers the possession, storage, collection, transportation and disposal of chemical waste. EPD has also issued a ‘guideline’ document, the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes (1992), which details how the Contractor should comply with the regulations on chemical waste.

Waste Disposal (Clinical Waste) (General) Regulation (Cap. 354O)

7.2.5 The WDO defines clinical waste as any waste substance belonging to the groups in Schedule 8 of the WDO (Cap. 354) that is generated in connection with practices or laboratories providing medical care or services for those that require medical treatment, including pharmaceutical research. Clinical waste does not include chemical or radioactive waste. Cap. 354O provides the regulations for proper disposal and delivery of clinical waste including the licenses required for its collection and disposal.

Waste Disposal (Charges for Disposal of Construction Waste) Regulation (Cap. 354N)

7.2.6 Under the Waste Disposal (Charges for Disposal of Construction Waste) Regulation, construction waste delivered to a landfill for disposal must not contain more than 50% by weight of inert material; construction waste delivered to a sorting facility for disposal must contain more than 50% by weight of inert material; and construction waste delivered to a Public Fill Reception Facility for disposal must consist entirely of inert material.

Land (Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance (Cap. 28)

7.2.7 The inert portion of construction and demolition (C&D) materials may be taken to public filling facilities including public filling area, public filling barging points and stockpiling areas. These facilities usually form part of land reclamation scheme and are operated by Civil Engineering and Development Department (CEDD). The Land (Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance requires that individuals or companies who deliver public fill to the public filling facilities to obtain Dumping Licences. The licences are issued by CEDD under delegated authority from the Director of Lands.

Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance (Cap. 132)

7.2.8 Under the Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance Cap. 132, waste management should include the prevention of obstruction of waste to sewers and drains, and maintenance of sewers and drains by removing any coverings from waste materials. Construction and operation phase shall prevent any accumulation of waste leading to the obstruction and covering of any sewers and drains.

Public Cleansing and Prevention of Nuisances Regulation (Cap. 132BK)

7.2.9 Waste management shall follow the general waste disposal requirements stated under Cap. 132BK, which includes the prevention of litter arising on streets and public places, disposal of MSW and other dangerous goods. Works under the construction phase shall ensure no waste enters public areas and dangerous waste as specified in the Ordinance is disposed in the stipulated method. Waste streams in the operation phase shall be designed to ensure all generated waste contained in waste bins and properly transferred to the waste treatment/disposal site.

Other Relevant Guidelines

7.2.10 The following guidelines and documents also relate to waste management and disposal in Hong Kong:

· WBTC No. 2/93, Public Dumps;

· WBTC No. 2/93B, Public Filling Facilities;

· WBTC Nos. 4/98 and 4/98A, Use of Public Fill in Reclamation and Earth Filling Projects;

· WBTC No. 12/2000, Fill Management;

· WBTC No. 19/2001, Metallic Site Hoardings and Signboards;

· WBTC No. 12/2002, Specification Facilitating the Use of Recycled Aggregates;

· ETWB TC(W) No. 19/2005, Environmental Management on Construction Sites;

· DEVB TC(W) No. 6/2010, Trip Ticket System for Disposal of Construction and Demolition Materials;

· DEVB TC(W) No. 8/2010, Enhanced Specification for Site Cleanliness and Tidiness;

· DEVB TC(W) No. 2/2011, Encouraging the Use of Recycled and other Green Materials in Public Works Projects;

· DEVB TC(W) No. 9/2011, Enhanced Control Measures for Management of Public Fill;

· CEDD TC No. 11/2019, Management of Construction and Demolition Materials;

· Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes;

· Code of Practice for the Management of Clinical Waste - Small Clinical Waste Producers (June 2010);

· Code of Practice on Asbestos Control – Preparation of Asbestos Investigation Report, Asbestos Management Plan and Asbestos Abatement Plan;

· Code of Practice on Asbestos Control – Safe Handling of Low Risk Asbestos Containing Material;

· Code of Practice on Asbestos Control – Asbestos Work Using Full Containment or Mini Containment Method;

· Code of Practice on Asbestos Control – Asbestos Work Using Glove Bag Method;

· ProPECC PN2/97 Handling of Asbestos Containing Materials in Buildings;

· Code of Practice on the Handling, Transportation and Disposal of Asbestos Waste;

· Project Administration Handbook for Civil Engineering Works (2020 Edition);

· DEVB Greening, Landscape and Tree Management Section, Guidelines on Yard Waste Reduction and Treatment (July 2014);

· A Policy Framework for the Management of Municipal Solid Waste (2005-2014);

· Waste Disposal Plan for Hong Kong (December 1989);

· Waste Reduction Framework Plan, 1998 to 2007;

· Waste Diversion Plan (2015);

· Hong Kong Blueprint for Sustainable Use of Resources 2013–2022; and

· Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines, Chapter 9 (Section 6 – Waste Management).

Project Administration Handbook for Civil Engineering Works (2020 Edition)

7.2.11 According to the last paragraph of Section 4.1.3 in Chapter 4 of the “Project Administration Handbook for Civil Engineering Works (2020 Edition)” published by CEDD, if a project generates more than 50,000m³ of C&D materials, a Construction and Demolition Materials Management Plan (C&DMMP) shall be submitted to PFC for in principle approval prior to commencement of the detailed design stage. The C&DMMP should be vetted and endorsed by the departmental Vetting Committee before submitting it to the Public Fill Committee (PFC) for approval. The C&DMMP shall be available in the later stage.

WBTC No. 2/93, Public Dumps

7.2.12 In accordance with policies related to C&D materials disposal documented in the WBTC No. 2/93 Public Dumps, inert C&D materials (i.e., public fill) should be transported to Public Fill Reception Facilities (PFRFs) instead of disposing of at landfill.

ETWB TC(W) No. 19/2005, Environmental Management on Construction Sites

7.2.13 ETWB TC(W) No. 19/2005 Environmental Management on Construction Site specifies the Safety Management System for public works contracts, which includes the procedures and requirements on waste management and sets out the policy for contractor to prepare and implement an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), which includes the Waste Management Plan (WMP), for on-site sorting and waste reduction of C&D materials. The WMP would then be submitted to the Project Engineer for approval.

Code of Practice for the Management of Clinical Waste – Small Clinical Waste Producers (June 2010)

7.2.14 This Code of Practice has been developed under Cap. 354 and Cap. 354O which covers the types of clinical wastes; the requirements for the segregation, packaging and labelling of different types of clinical wastes; storage of types of clinical wastes; collection and transportation of clinical wastes; collection points and record keeping requirements. The management of welfare facilities in operation phase shall make reference to these requirements when dealing with the generation of specific types of clinical waste.

7.3 Waste Handling and Management

7.3.1 The Proposed Development Area (PDA) has always been a golf course since it first established in 1911. The area is 32 hectares, 18-hole golf course with grasses, shrubs, thick tree foliage. The associated off-site works area intended to provide infrastructures supporting the PDA development are located on roads and cycling path in the residential neighbourhood of Choi Po Court and Choi Yuen Estate. Construction wastes expected to generate from Project development include C&D materials from site formation and site clearance.

7.3.2 The PDA falls within the North District’s waste generation zone. According to “Monitoring of Solid Waste in Hong Kong, 2020” by EPD, the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated from the North District, was approximately 851 tonnes per day (tpd), which includes domestic waste and commercial & industrial waste. The amount of construction waste arised from the North District (2020) was approximately 215 tpd. The breakdown of the types of waste arised from North District is summarised in Table 7.3.1. The waste facilities currently serving the North District are summarised in Table 7.3.2.

Table 7.3.1 Breakdown of Solid Waste Generation Arised from North District in 2020 Disposed at Landfills

District	Average Daily Quantity (tpd)[1]
District	Domestic Waste (a)	Commercial & Industrial Waste (b)	Municipal Solid Waste (c) = (a) + (b)	Overall Construction Waste (d)	Total (c) + (d)
North	343	508	851	215	1,066

Table 7.3.2 Summary of Current Waste Facilities Serving North District in 2020

Waste Facilities	Date of Commission	Design Capacity	Current Waste Intake
Public Fill Reception Facilities
Tuen Mun Area 38 Fill Bank[2]	2003	5.1 Mm³	Approximately 12,057 tpd[3]^,[4]
Strategic Landfills
North East New Territories (NENT), Strategic Landfill[5]	June 1995	35 Mm³	6,000 tpd
Refuse Transfer Stations
Shatin Transfer Station (STTS), Refuse Transfer Station (to NENT)[6]	October 1994	N/A	1,655 tpd
North West New Territories Transfer Station (NWNTTS), Refuse Transfer Station (to WENT)[7]	September 2001	N/A	1,260 tpd
Special Waste Facilities
Chemical Waste Treatment Centre (CWTC)[8]	April 1993	100,000 tonnes chemical waste and clinical waste per year	N/A
Animal Waste Composting Plant (AWCP)[9]	2008	40 tpd	N/A
EcoPark / WEEE Park Treatment and Recycling Facility[10]	March 2018	30,000 tonnes of WEEE per year	23,980 tonnes (2019)
O Park 1, Organic Resources Recovery Centre (Siu Ho Wan)[11]	July 2018	200 tpd of food waste	N/A
T Park, Sludge Treatment Facility[12]	April 2015	2,000 tpd	1,200 tpd

7.4 Assessment Approach

7.4.1 The waste management hierarchy is to minimise waste generation. If waste generation cannot be avoided, a material/waste management plan will be established prior to commencement of excavation and construction work to outline the methods that can be incorporated into the project for waste minimisation, including re-use, recycling, matching disposal with other project, handling, storage, transportation and disposal of expected waste materials.

7.4.2 With the proposed development located within a golf course and large areas are to be excavated, it is anticipated turf grasses and topsoil are to be stripped away from the area before site clearance and construction work can take place. Contaminated soils will be remediated prior to any site clearance activities and will be reused on-site. Excavated C&D materials will also be used for reinstatement and/or backfilling as much as possible at the site. Inert C&D materials that cannot be reused on-site will be sent to the Public Fill Reception Facility. The waste management hierarchy is a concept that shows the desirability of various waste management methods and comprises the following in order of preference:

· Avoidance;

· Minimisation;

· Recycling / reuse;

· Treatment; and

· Disposal.

7.4.3 The approach for assessing waste management implications are outlined in Annex 7 of EIAO-TM. Whereas methods for assessing potential waste management impacts during construction and operation phases of the Project would be studied as per Annex 15 of EIAO-TM, which include the following:

· Estimation of types and quantities of the waste generated and fill to be imported;

· Assessment of potential impacts from the management of waste with respect to potential hazards, air and odour emissions, noise, wastewater discharge and public transport;

· Examination of the opportunities for reducing waste generation;

· Identification of disposal options for each type of waste; and

· Assessment of impacts on the capacity of waste collection, transfer and disposal facilities.

7.4.4 Prior to considering the disposal options for various types of waste, opportunities for reducing waste generation, on-site or off-site re-use and recycling have been evaluated. Measures which can be taken in the planning and design phases (i.e., by modifying the design approach) and in the construction phase for maximising waste reduction have been separately considered. The following design and construction methods have been adopted to reduce construction waste:

· Optimization of construction methods – Use of cut slope methods versus L-shaped for construction of retaining structures on the housing site on Sub-Area 1, to minimise the excavation works required and to generate less excavated volume.

· Minimization of construction works – there will be no extensive development at Sub-Area 2 to Sub-Area 3 with an aim to maintain the integrity of existing ecological species and habitat conservation, and generate less excavated volume.

· No proposed works to be carried out in Sub-Area 4 to maintain the integrity of existing ecological species and habitat conservation.

7.4.5 After considering all options and methods to reduce waste generation and maximising re-use, the types and quantities of waste required to be disposed of will be estimated and the disposal options for each type of waste will be described.

7.4.6 The disposal options recommended for the generated waste in this report have considered the result of the assessment. The impacts caused by handling (including stockpiling, labelling, packaging and storage), collection, and reuse / disposal of waste will be addressed and propose appropriate mitigation measures.

7.5 Identification and Evaluation of Waste Management Implications

7.5.1 The waste implication during construction and operation phases include the following:

Construction Phase

7.5.2 It is anticipated that the majority of C&D waste will be generated from the following activities during the construction phase.

Public Housing Site in Sub-Area 1

· Site clearance (i.e., removal of turf grasses and topsoil, demolition of existing structures such as staff quarters and carpark)

· Site formation (i.e., construction of retaining structures)

· Infrastructure (i.e., utilities, pipe laying and reinstatement, internal road)

· Building works (i.e., substructure and superstructure construction)

· Public Transport Interchange (PTI) structure and bus terminus

School Site in Sub-Area 1

· Site clearance (i.e., removal of turf grasses and topsoil, demolition of existing structures such as quarters and carpark)

· Site formation (i.e., construction of retaining structures)

· Infrastructure (i.e., pipe laying and reinstatement)

· Building works (i.e., substructure and superstructure construction)

Recreational Facilities to Support Recreational Activity in Sub-Area 2

· Site clearance and formation (i.e., construction of recreational facilities and ancillary facilities)

Landscaping Works in Sub-Areas 2 and 3

· Landscaping and transplantation of trees in Sub-Areas 2 and 3

· Under current plan, approximately 996 compensatory trees and 41 transplant trees

Infrastructure and Associated Off-site Works Area

· Roadworks including minor road modification on Ping Kong Road and road junction improvement

· Earthworks, temporary supports erection, utilities laying, concreting, laying of sub-base materials and laying of bituminous or concrete surfacing layers, construction of flood wall

· Waterworks, sewerage and drainage works; construction of new drainage pipes and flood wall, layering of sewers, fresh and flushing watermains to support the development

7.5.3 Based on the current design, a variety of wastes are anticipated to be generated during the construction phase that can be divided into different key categories based on their composition and ultimate method of disposal. The identified waste types include:

· Construction and Demolition (C&D) materials (includes inert and non-inert C&D materials);

· Chemical waste; and

· General refuse.

Asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) may be present on the Project Site. An asbestos investigation shall be undertaken to prior to the demolition of private properties and staff quarters during construction phase. However, there will be no generation of excavated/dredged sediment from the Project construction activities.

7.5.4 The types of waste during the construction phase are summarised in Table 7.5.1.

Table 7.5.1 Waste Types and Sources in the Construction Phase of the Project

Waste Types	Sources of Wastes	Example of Waste
Construction and Demolition (C&D) materials	· Site clearance and site formation · Construction and building works of the public housing site and school site · Recreational facilities and ancillary facilities · Construction of public transport interchange (PTI) / bus terminus · Associated road works and infrastructure works	Inert C&D materials: · Rocks; · Soft materials; and · Artificial hard materials. Non-inert C&D materials: · Bamboo, timber, paper and plastic Other organic material, including turf grasses and topsoil
Asbestos-Containing Materials (ACMs)	· Generation of ACMs during building demolition	· ACMs (subject to further investigation by Asbestos Consultant)
Chemical Waste	· The operation and maintenance of the plant and mechanical equipment	· Fluorescent tubes, cleaning fluid (i.e., detergent), solvents, waste lubricating oil and fuel
General Refuse	· On-site workforce	· Food waste, aluminium cans, waste papers and containers

7.5.5 The construction phase of the Project will be implemented in a number of development stages through a number of construction activities. The anticipated timing for major construction activities in each development stage is summarised in Table 7.5.2.

Table 7.5.2 Anticipated Timing for Major Construction Activities in Each Development Stage

Development Stage	Construction Activities and Works	Anticipated Timing
Stage 1	Public Housing Development in Sub-Area 1 · Site clearance and site formation · Construction of internal roads · Pipe works and utilities works · Construction and building works of public housing site · Construction of public transport interchange (PTI) and bus terminus	2024 - 2029
Stage 2	School Site Development in Sub-Area 1 · Site clearance and site formation · Construction of internal roads · Pipe works and utilities works · Construction and building works of school site	2024-2028
Stage 3	Associated Road Works Outside PDA · Junction improvement works at Po Kin Road / Ping Kong Road · Minor road improvement works at Ping Kong Road	2024-2029
Stage 4	Associated Infrastructure Works outside PDA · Pipe works and utilities works	2024-2029
Stage 5	Recreational cum Conservation Area in Sub-Areas 2 to 4	To be further reviewed

Construction and Demolition (C&D) Materials

7.5.6 C&D materials contains a mixture of inert and non-inert materials mainly generated from site clearance, site formation, infrastructure (earthworks), building, landscape and tree transplanting, associated road works and associated off-site works. Inert C&D materials generated would include (but not limited to) rock, soil, concrete, asphalt, bitumen and granular materials etc. that can be transported to Public Fill Reception Facility; while non-inert C&D materials generated would include (but not limited to) bamboo, timber, paper and plastic etc. that cannot be transported to Public Fill Reception Facility. A summary of the C&D materials generated from the key construction activities and recommended management option is summarised in Table 7.5.3.

7.5.7 The proposed public housing development and school site are located in Sub-Area 1. The site is estimated to provide a maximum of 12,000 flats, accommodating a population of approximately 33,600. Alongside with a number of social welfare facilities, PTI and construction of school site are proposed to serve the population. Recreational facilities and ancillary facilities to support recreational activity will be provided in Sub-Area 2. Waste is expected to be generated throughout the construction stage for these proposed activities. The major construction activities that generates C&D materials are listed as follows:

· Site clearance and formation for public housing development;

· Site formation for the kindergarten;

· Site formation for the school;

· Site formation for the PTI;

· Site formation for the list of welfare facilities;

· Site formation for the recreational facilities and ancillary facilities; and

· Foundation construction.

Table 7.5.3 Estimated C&D Materials Generated from Different Construction Phases (Preliminary Estimate)

Activities / Phase	Timeline	Location	Inert C&D materials (m³)	Non-inert C&D materials (m³) ^[4]	Total C&D materials (m³)
Public Housing and School Site Development in Sub-Area 1
Site Clearance and Site Formation for Public Housing Site and School Site · Removal of turf grasses and topsoil · Demolition of existing structures such as quarters and carpark · Cutting and filling existing ground profiles for platform formation · Construction of retaining structures	2024 to 2029	Public Housing Development	170,000	200,000	370,000
	2024 to 2028	School Site Development	50,000	10,000	60,000
Building Works for Public Housing Site · Foundation works: piling · Superstructure: erection of precast concrete elements and in-situ concreting work · Sub-Area 1 landscaping works	2024 to 2029	Public Housing Development	220,000	50,000	270,000
Building Works for School Site · Foundation works: shallow foundation · Superstructure: erection of precast concrete elements and in-situ concreting work · Sub-Area 1 landscaping works	2024 to 2028	School Site Development	10,000	4,000	14,000
Infrastructure and Road Works (Associated Off-site Works Area including Road Works and Infrastructure Works)
· Roadworks including minor road modification on Ping Kong Road and road junction improvement · Earthworks, temporary supports erection, drainage and sewer utilities laying, concreting, laying of sub-base materials and laying of bituminous or concrete surfacing layers, construction of flood wall	2024 to 2029	Associated Road Works and Infrastructure Works outside the PDA	170,000	10,000	180,000
Activities / Phase	Timeline	Location	Inert C&D materials (m³)	Non-inert C&D materials (m³) ^[4]	Total C&D materials (m³)
Recreational cum Conservation Area
Site Clearance and Site Formation · Removal of turf grasses and topsoil · Landscaping works, approximately 996 compensatory trees and 41 transplanted trees are proposed in Sub-Area 2 to Sub-Area 3	To be further reviewed	Sub-Areas 2 to 4	N/A	56,000 (to be backfilled in-situ if clean for trees transplanting)	56,000
Total			620,000	330,000	950,000
Total			Inert C&D Materials	Non-inert C&D Materials	C&D Materials
With Management Options			On-site reuse: 50,000 Public Fill Reception Facility: 570,000	On-site reuse: 56,000 Reuse / recycle prior to off-site disposal: 66,000 (using 20% recycling rate) Landfill: 208,000	Inert C&D materials to PFRF: 570,000 Inert C&D materials for on-site reuse: 50,000 Non-inert C&D materials for on-site reuse: 56,000 Non-inert C&D materials for recycling: 66,000 Non-inert C&D materials to landfill: 208,000

Notes:
[1] “Rocks” includes all grade rock.
[2] “Soft Material” includes, but not limited to excavated soil, fill, etc.
[3] “Artificial Hard Material” includes, but not limited to, broken concrete, asphalt, bitumen and granular materials, etc.
[4] “Non-inert C&D materials” includes, but not limited to turf grasses (top layer of grass), topsoil (top 10cm layer of soil), bamboo, timber, paper and plastic, etc.
[5] A preliminary figure as advised by the Project Engineer at the time of this report.
N/A Not Available

C&D Materials generated from Site Clearance and Site Formation at Sub-Area 1

7.5.8 The site clearance and site formation will be one of the major sources of C&D materials generated by Project activities. Site clearance and site formation wastes will mainly be generated from demolishing of existing structures, tree felling and preparation of the existing ground surface including vegetation, top soil, broken concrete and asphalt, and construction of internal roads, and PTI. Inert materials such as earth soil, rock and concrete, and non-inert materials such as topsoil, timber, vegetation, packaging waste and other organic materials are anticipated.

7.5.9 Total estimated C&D materials from site clearance and site formation is 430,000 m³ estimated of which 220,000 m³ are inert C&D materials and 210,000 m³ are non-inert C&D materials. Inert and non-inert C&D materials will be reused on-site as much as possible prior to final disposal. Excess inert C&D materials will be disposed of at Public Fill Reception Facility while excess non-recyclable non-inert C&D materials will be disposed of at landfill.

C&D Materials generated from Building Works for Public Housing and School Site

7.5.10 Building works at the public housing and school site are expected to be the second major source of C&D materials generation. The housing site includes foundation, superstructure and infrastructures, and landscaping works. Operations entail piling works, erection of precast concrete elements and in-situ concreting work. Inert materials such as soil, rock and concrete, non-inert materials such as timber, vegetation, packaging waste and other organic materials are anticipated. Total amount of C&D materials from building works for the public housing site is estimated at 270,000 m³, in which 220,000 m³ of inert materials and 50,000 m³ of non-inert materials.

7.5.11 The school site also includes foundation, superstructure and infrastructures, and landscaping works. Operations entail shallow foundation, erection of precast concrete elements and in-situ concreting work. Inert materials such as soil, rock and concrete, non-inert materials such as timber, vegetation, packaging waste and other organic materials are anticipated. Total estimated C&D materials from building works of school site is 14,000 m³, in which 10,000 m³ are inert C&D materials and 4,000 m³ are non-inert C&D materials.

7.5.12 Inert and non-inert C&D materials will be reused on-site as much as possible prior to final disposal. Excess inert C&D materials will be disposed of at Public Fill Reception Facility while excess non-recyclable non-inert C&D materials will be disposed of at landfill.

C&D Materials generated from Landscaping and Tree Transplantation Works

7.5.13 Landscaping works are proposed in Sub-Area 2 to Sub-Area 3 of the PDA, which consist of landscape and tree transplantation activities, with an aim to further preserve ecological value at these Sub-Areas. Non-inert C&D materials is estimated at 50,000 m³ and is expected to be entirely backfilled in-situ in the landscaping process, assuming it is clean soil. If the soil requires remediation, imported fill or excavated materials from other on-site activities will be used for backfilling and the imported fill is expected at 50,000 m³.

C&D Materials generated from the Recreational Facilities at Sub-Area 2

7.5.14 Recreational facilities and ancillary facilities to support the open space consisting of a 1-storey building may be provided in the northern edge of Sub-Area 2. Provision of a prefabricated building is recommended for the 1-storey building. No site formation is anticipated from the recreational facilities hence inert C&D material is not anticipated. Non-inert C&D materials is estimated at 6,000 m³ and is expected to be entirely backfilled in-situ in the landscaping process as mentioned above.

C&D Materials generated from Infrastructure and Associated Off-site Works

7.5.15 C&D materials to be generated from infrastructure includes roadworks, earthworks and waterworks. Roadworks include road modifications on Ping Kong Road and road junction improvement. Earthworks include temporary supports erection, utilities laying, concreting, laying of sub-base materials and laying of bituminous or concrete surfacing layers, and construction of flood wall.

7.5.16 Waterworks, sewerage and drainage works include the construction of new drainage pipes and flood wall, layering of sewers and laying of watermains to support the development. Inert C&D materials such as soil, rock and concrete; non-inert C&D materials such as timber, vegetation and packaging waste are anticipated.

7.5.17 For infrastructure and associated off-site works, it is estimated that the quantity of C&D materials is approximately 180,000 m³, of which 170,000 m³ are inert C&D materials and 10,000 m³ are non-inert C&D materials. Inert and non-inert C&D materials will be reused on-site as much as possible prior to final disposal. Excess inert C&D materials will be disposed of at Public Fill Reception Facility while excess non-recyclable non-inert C&D materials will be disposed of at landfill.

On-site reuse of inert C&D materials

7.5.18 The Contractor is responsible for segregating the inert C&D materials from the non-inert C&D materials for on-site reuse. In order to minimise the impact resulting from collection and transportation of inert C&D materials for off-site disposal, the inert C&D materials particularly the excavated materials would be reused on-site as fill materials as far as practicable.

Surplus inert C&D materials to Public Fill Reception Facilities

7.5.19 On-site reuse of surplus inert C&D materials will be adopted as far as possible and delivery to PFRF will be taken as the last resort. The estimated amount of surplus C&D materials to be reused on-site is 50,000 m³. In the case that on-site reuse is not possible, the Contractor is responsible for the transfer of the surplus inert C&D materials to closest PFRF operated by CEDD, located in Tuen Mun Area 38 Fill Bank. The estimated amount of surplus C&D materials to be transported to PFRF are 570,000 m³ (based on the assumption of 9% reuse rate). Materials transported to PFRF should entirely be inert C&D materials consist of earth soil and concrete only. The materials shall be free from plastics, chemical waste, industrial metals and other materials that are considered as non-inert C&D materials. A C&DMMP is required as the estimated quantity of C&D materials to be generated is over 50,000 m³, and according to Section 4.1.3 of the PAH, the proposed Project is not classified as “designated” projects under Schedule 2 of the EIAO but is generating surplus C&D materials in excess of 300,000 m³ – the C&DMMP shall be submitted to PFC in principal approval prior to commencement of the detailed design stage. The C&DMMP should be vetted and endorsed by the departmental Vetting Committee before submitting it to PFC for approval. As such, the C&DMMP shall be available in a later stage.

Non-inert C&D materials

7.5.20 The Contractor should separate the non-inert C&D materials from the inert C&D materials on-site. It is recommended to segregate recyclable materials (i.e., metal) from the non-inert C&D materials for collection by reputable recyclers. The remaining non-recyclable waste materials will be disposed of at designated landfill sites by a waste collector. The contractor may transport the non-inert C&D materials directly to the North East New Territories (NENT) Landfill or to Refuse Transfer Stations (closest ones being Shatin Transfer Station (STTS) and North West New Territories Transfer Station (NWNTTS)). The Contractor will be requested to use the shortest route to the waste disposal site with minimal environmental concerns. In order to prevent any adverse environmental impacts arising from poor management of non-inert materials, mitigation measures in Section 7.6 should be referred to. This includes the proper storage of waste, minimization of waste leakage to surrounding environment and the intermittent transport of waste to designated waste treatment facilities.

Turf Grasses and Topsoil (as other organic materials under non-inert C&D materials)

7.5.21 Each and every golf course that exists has some form of vegetation. Vegetation comes in many different forms and typically consists of a diverse landscape including the tee, fairway, rough, trees, and green. For vegetation growing purposes there are three main soil compositions: sand, silt and clay. Turf grass consists of the top layer of grass only, whereas topsoil consists of the soil layer (<10 cm) under the turf grass.

7.5.22 Excavated turf grass and topsoil will be treated as other organic materials under non-inert C&D materials, to be backfilled in-situ for landscaping and tree transplanting activities (as mentioned in Section 7.5.13 to 7.5.14), with disposal of at landfills as last resort.

Asbestos-Containing Materials (ACMs)

7.5.23 Asbestos is widely used in the construction industry before the early 1980’s for fireproofing, thermal and electrical insulation and in sound absorption materials. However, asbestos is currently recognised as hazardous materials, due to its etiological effects on human respiratory system.

7.5.24 As the proposed Project involves the demolition of some building and structures that were built before 1980’s, ACMs may be present in the buildings of FGC areas. Thus, ACMs which may be disturbed during demolition activities, should be removed and disposed of in a proper manner prior to asbestos removal, so as to avoid the release of harmful asbestos fibres into the environment and minimise potential hazard.

7.5.25 All ACMs if confirmed to be present within the existing premises must be removed and disposed of in accordance with the Air Pollution Control Ordinance and the Waste Disposal Ordinance prior to the demolition work. A Registered Asbestos Consultant and Registered Asbestos Laboratory shall be engaged to conduct investigation for the presence of ACMs.

7.5.26 An Asbestos Investigation Report, an Asbestos Abatement Plan (AAP) (if required) and a notification of commencement of asbestos abatement works shall be submitted to EPD at least 28 days before the asbestos abatement works commences. Also, the removal of ACMs should be carried out by a Registered Asbestos Contractor according to the approved AAP under the supervision of a Registered Asbestos Consultant. The asbestos wastes generated shall be disposed of by a licensed waste collector in compliance with the Waste Disposal Ordinance.

Chemical Waste

7.5.27 Chemical waste arising during the construction phase would induce environmental, health and safety hazards if not stored and disposed of in an appropriate manner as stipulated in the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulations. The potential hazards include:

· Toxic effects to workers;

· Adverse impacts on water quality from spills; and

· Fire hazards.

7.5.28 The maintenance and servicing of construction site and equipment may generate chemical waste such as fluorescent tubes, cleaning fluid (i.e., detergent), solvents, waste lubricating oil and fuel. Vehicle maintenance may also involve the use of a variety of chemicals, oil and lubricants including heavy duty cleaners, organic solvents, degreasers, brake fluids, battery acid and soldering fluids.

7.5.29 The amount of chemical wastes that would generate from the construction activities depends on the Contractor’s on-site maintenance requirements and the equipment being used. However, based on the scale of the Project, it is estimated that the quantity of such chemical waste would be in the order of several hundred litres per month. The amount of chemical waste to be generated will be quantified in the Waste Management Plan (WMP) to be prepared by the Contractor for the site as part of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and submitted to the Architect / Engineer for approval prior to construction work in accordance with ETWB TC(W) 19/2005.

7.5.30 Storage, handling, transport and disposal of chemical waste should be arranged in accordance with the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Waste published by the EPD. Chemical waste should be collected by a licenced chemical waste collector and to be disposed of at a licenced chemical waste treatment and disposal facility. Wherever possible, opportunities for the reuse and recycling of materials will be taken. Provided that the handling, storage and disposal of chemical waste are in accordance with the requirements stated in the above legislations/regulations with regards to storage and collection of chemical waste, potential environmental impacts (including potential hazard, air and odour emissions, noise, wastewater discharge and public transport) are not expected. Mitigation and control requirements for chemical waste are detailed in Section 7.6.

General Refuse

7.5.31 The construction workforce will generate refuse comprising food scraps, waste paper and empty containers during the construction period. Release of general refuse into roadside gullies or surface channels is not permitted as the introduction of these wastes are likely to have detrimental effects to the environment. Such refuse shall be properly managed, and intentional or accidental release to the surrounding environment must be avoided. General refuse shall first be sorted via tri-coloured waste bins for on-site segregation of recyclables. Non-recyclable general waste shall be disposed of in general refuse bins. Disposal of refuse at sites other than approved waste transfer or disposal facilities will be prohibited. Effective collection of site waste will be required to prevent waste materials being blown around by wind, flushed or leached into the river or marine environment, or creating an odour nuisance or pest & vermin problems. Waste storage areas shall be well maintained and cleaned regularly. Since the information on the number of workers working on-site is not yet available at this preliminary stage, a maximum of 200 workers working simultaneously is assumed. In the case of estimating the general refuse generation rate, the per capita disposal rate of 0.91 kg per worker per day for domestic waste shall be taken[13]. It is therefore estimated that the daily amount of general refuse that would be generated is approximately 182 kg. Adverse impact on the capacity of waste collection, transfer and disposal facilities is not anticipated as the amount of general refuse is limited.

7.5.32 Provided that the mitigation measures outlined in Section 7.6 are adopted, the potential environmental impacts caused by the storage, handling transport and disposal of general refuse are expected to be minimal. It is recommended that general refuse should be collected on a daily basis for disposal. With the proper implementation of the recommended mitigation measures, potential environmental impacts (including potential hazard, air and odour emissions, noise, wastewater discharge and public transport) are not expected.

Temporary Stockpiling Areas

7.5.33 As shown in Table 7.5.3, inert C&D materials generated from site clearance and site formation works have to be temporarily stored within the Project site over the course of the different phases of the Project. Since the Project will be implemented in stages, temporary stockpiling areas have been identified to store the C&D materials for reuse under the Project and the details can be referred to the C&DMMP.

7.5.34 The storage and stockpiling of C&D materials prior to utilisation on-site may contribute to the generation of dust, visual impacts from unsightliness and water quality impacts from runoff. The disposal of C&D materials also has the potential to result in noise and dust impacts from loading and unloading and emissions from haul vehicles. Mitigation and control requirements for C&D materials are detailed in Sections 7.6. Provided that the handling, storage and disposal of C&D materials are in accordance with these requirements, the potential waste management implications, including potential hazards, air and odour emissions, noise and wastewater discharge, associated with handling, storage and disposal of C&D materials during the construction phase of the Project are not expected.

7.5.35 The handling arrangement and stockpiling areas of other wastes identified have been evaluated in Section 7.5. Provided that the mitigation measures outlined in Section 7.6 are adopted, the potential environmental impacts caused by the storage, handling transport and disposal of the wastes generated from the Project are expected to be minimal.

Transportation Arrangement for Waste Disposal during Construction Phase

7.5.36 Land transport should be utilised to deliver and dispose of the wastes generated from the Project area to the designated disposal outlets. No barging points or conveyor systems will be established in the Project area. It is anticipated that a maximum of 30 vehicles per day for transporting the wastes identified during the construction phase of the Project (year 2024 to 2029). The frequency of trucks for inert C&D materials enroute to Tuen Mun Area 38 Fill Bank PFRF is estimated at 16 vehicles per day during the construction phase (Year 2024 to 2029). The disposal route will be via Fanling Highway, Yuen Long Highway, Tuen Mun Road, Wong Chu Road and Lung Mun Road. The transportation routings may change subject to the actual traffic conditions of the roads. Nevertheless, with the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures (i.e., using water-tight containers and covered trucks), no adverse environmental impacts are expected due to the transportation of waste. Table 7.5.4 summarises the waste types, handling procedures and the tentative transportation routings of the wastes identified during construction phase.

Table 7.5.4 Summary of the Waste Types, Handling Procedures and Disposal Routes During the Construction Phase

Type of Waste	Sources of Waste	Examples of Waste	Total Amount Generated	Handling Procedures	Disposal Routes
Construction and Demolition (C&D) Materials Construction and Demolition (C&D) Materials	Site Clearance and Site Formation Works · Site clearance and site formation works for Public Housing Site and School Site	Inert C&D materials: · Rocks; · Soft materials; and · Artificial hard materials. Non-inert C&D materials: · Topsoil; · Vegetation; · Bamboo; · Timber; · Paper; and · Plastic etc.	430,000 m³	220,000 m³of inert C&D materials: · On-site reuse: 50,000 m³ · Public Fill Reception Facility: 170,000 m³ 210,000 m³ of non-inert C&D materials: · Recycle as much as possible before disposal to landfill (20% recycling rate)	Inert C&D materials: · Surplus inert C&D materials should be disposed of at PFRF operated by CEDD (to Tuen Mun Area 38 Fill Bank via Fanling Highway, Yuen Long Highway, Tuen Mun Road, Wong Chu Road and Lung Mun Road). Non-inert C&D materials: · Non-recyclable waste materials will be disposed of at a designated landfill site (NENT via Fanling Highway, Heung Yuen Wai Highway to Wo Keng Shen Road). Inert C&D materials: · Surplus inert C&D materials should be disposed of at PFRFs operated by CEDD (to Tuen Mun Area 38 Fill Bank via Fanling Highway, Yuen Long Highway, Tuen Mun Road, Wong Chu Road and Lung Mun Road) Non-inert C&D materials: · Non-recyclable waste materials will be disposed of at a designated landfill site (to NENT via Fanling Highway, Heung Yuen Wai Highway to Wo Keng Shen Road).
	Public Housing Site · Construction of internal road · Pipe works and utilities works · Construction of public housing · Construction of PTI · Landscaping works in Sub-Area 1	Inert C&D materials: · Rocks; · Soft materials; and · Artificial hard materials. Non-inert C&D materials: · Topsoil; · Vegetation; · Bamboo; · Timber; · Paper; and · Plastic etc.	270,000 m³	220,000 m³of inert C&D materials: · Maximise on-site reuse rate · Public Fill Reception Facility: 220,000 m³ 50,000 m³of non-inert C&D materials: · Recycle as much as possible before disposal to landfill (20% recycling rate)
	School Site · Construction of internal road · Pipe works and utilities works · Construction of the school · Landscaping works in Sub-Area 1	Inert C&D materials: · Rocks; · Soft materials; and · Artificial hard materials. Non-inert C&D materials: · Topsoil; · Vegetation; · Bamboo; · Timber; · Paper; and · Plastic etc.	14,000 m³	10,000 m³of inert C&D materials: · Maximise on-site reuse rate · Public Fill Reception Facility: 10,000 m³ 4,000 m³of non-inert C&D materials: · Recycle as much as possible before disposal to landfill (20% recycling rate)
	Recreation Facilities and Ancillary Facilities in Sub-Area 2 · Recreation Facilities · Ancillary Facilities Landscaping works in Sub-Areas 2 to 3 · Landscape and tree transplanting · Approximately 996 compensatory trees and 41 transplant trees are proposed in Sub-Areas 2 and 3	Non-inert C&D materials: · Topsoil; · Vegetation; · Bamboo; · Timber; · Paper; and · Plastic etc.	56,000 m³	56,000 m³ of non-inert C&D materials: · To be backfilled in-situ for tree transplanting
	Associated Infrastructure Works and Road Works outside PDA (off-site works area) · Roadworks: minor road modification on Ping Kong Road and road junction improvement · Earthworks: temporary supports erection, utilities laying, concreting, laying of sub-base materials and laying of bituminous or concrete surfacing layers, construction of floodwall · Waterworks, sewerage and drainage works: construction of new drainage pipes and flood wall, laying of sewers and watermains to support the development	Inert C&D materials: · Rocks; · Soft materials; and · Artificial hard materials. Non-inert C&D materials: · Bamboo; · Timber; · Paper; and · Plastic etc.	180,000 m³	170,000 m³of inert C&D materials: · Maximise on-site reuse rate · Public Fill Reception Facility: 170,000 m³ 10,000 m³ of non-inert C&D materials: · Recycle as much as possible before disposal to landfill (20% recycling rate)
Chemical Waste	· The operation and maintenance of the plant and mechanical equipment	· Fluorescent tubes · Cleaning fluid (i.e., detergent); · Solvents; · Waste lubricating oil; and · Fuel etc.	Several hundred litres per month	Collected by a licenced chemical waste collector	Disposed of at the Chemical Waste Treatment Centre (CWTC) via Fanling Highway, Yuen Long Highway, Tuen Mun Road, Tsing Long Highway, Tsing Sha Highway and Tsing Yi Road.
ACMs	· Demolition of buildings	· Roofing, fireproofing, thermal and electrical insulation	TBC[14]	TBC	Disposal of via a licensed chemical waste collector, with ultimate disposal at the Chemical Waste Treatment Centre (CWTC) via Fanling Highway, Yuen Long Highway, Tuen Mun Road, Tsing Long Highway, Tsing Sha Highway and Tsing Yi Road.
General Refuse	· Construction works and on-site staffs and workers	· Food waste; · Cans; and · Water paper etc.	Around 182 kg per day	· Stored in enclosed bins or compaction units separated from inert C&D materials. · Remove by a reputable waste collector	Non-recyclable waste materials will be disposed of at a designated landfill site (to NENT via Fanling Hwy, Heung Yuen Wai Hwy to Wo Keng Shen Road).

Operation Phase

7.5.37 The proposed PDA development consists of the following facilities (subject to final layout and project design parameters can be referred to Chapter 2 of the EIA Report):

· 12,000 Public Housing Flats (12 blocks serving a population of approximately 33,600);

· Carpark;

· Public Transport Interchange (PTI);

· Schools (Special School and 24-classroom Kindergarten); and

· Welfare Facilities consisting of

o 100-place Hostel for Severely Mentally Handicapped Persons (HSMH);

o 100-place Day Activity Centre (DAC);

o 50-p Hostel for Moderately Mentally Handicapped Persons (HMMH);

o 50-p Hostel for Severely Physically Handicapped Persons (HSPH);

o 30-p Supported Hostel for Mentally Handicapped Persons [SHOS(MH)];

o 120-p Integrated Vocational Rehabilitation Services Centre (IVRSC);

o Neighbourhood Elderly Centre (NEC);

o 100-p Child Care Centre (CCC);

o 100-p Residential Care Home for the Elderly (RCHE) cum 30-p Day Care Unit (DCU);

o One Integrated Home Care Services Team;

o 60-p Day Care Centre for the Elderly (DE); and

o 96-p Residential Child Care Centre (RCCC).

7.5.38 During the operation phase, the following types of waste shall be generated:

· General refuse;

· Clinical waste; and

· Chemical waste.

7.5.39 A breakdown of waste arising during the operation phase are summarised in Table 7.5.5.

Table 7.5.5 Waste Types and Sources in the Operation Phase of the Project[15]

Waste Types	Sources of waste	Examples
General Refuse	· Residents from public housing (33,600-person) · Residential housing employee (120-person) · Staff and students from Kindergarten and School (1523-person) · Welfare facilities for the disabled and elderly and the employees (1030-person) · Staff from carpark, passengers of PTI, users of retail and facilities (1159-person)	· General refuse · Recyclable waste in tri-coloured recycling bins – i.e., paper, plastic and metal · Food waste
Clinical Waste	· 100-p RCHE cum 30-p DCU (130-person)	As defined in WDO: · Group 1 – Used or contaminated sharps · Group 2 – Laboratory waste · Group 3 – Animal and Human tissues · Group 4 – Infectious materials · Group 5 – Dressings contaminated with blood · Group 6 – Other wastes
Chemical Waste	· Maintenance activities in the proposed developments including welfare and housing · Maintenance of vehicles car park block	· Cleaning products · Fluorescent light bulbs · Hazardous waste containers i.e., cooling towers, emergency generator lubrication fluids, paints

General Refuse

7.5.40 Since the proposed development is a housing estate, school and welfare facilities, a majority of waste shall be domestic waste generated by residents, school staff and students, housing management, welfare facilities users and employees, and retail facilities. This includes general refuse such as plastic, paper, aluminium, and food packaging. According to the latest statistics published by EPD in 2020, the per capita domestic waste disposal rate was 0.91 kg per person per day[16]. Based on said waste generation rate and the estimated population (37,432 altogether in public housing, school staff and students, welfare facilities, carpark staff, retail facilities users, and passengers from PTI), the daily domestic waste generation is estimated at 34,063 kg (~34 tpd). The general refuse should be recycled as far as possible through the placement of recycling bins throughout the housing estate, welfare and retail facilities, and PTI. The remaining refuse should be collected by waste collectors and disposed of at landfills.

Clinical Waste

7.5.41 Clinical waste is expected to be generated during operation phase of the proposed welfare facilities; nursing homes for the elderly. Clinical waste to be generated may fall under Group 1 – Used or contaminated sharps, used in the daily care of the elderly. The estimated amount of clinical waste to be generated is 0.002 kg/person/day[17] for the 100-p RCHE cum 30-p DCU. Clinical waste shall be segregated from other sources and types of waste streams at the source, centrally collected and stored in designated clinical waste storage rooms before collection by licensed clinical waste collectors for disposal at a licensed disposal facility such as the Chemical Waste Treatment Centre (CWTC). Different groups of clinical waste shall be handled and packaged differently. For Group 1, they shall be stored in a yellow or combination of white and yellow sharps box, with a proprietary closure.

Chemical Waste

7.5.42 Chemical waste such as fluorescent tubes, cleaning fluid (i.e., detergent), solvents, waste lubricating oil and fuel etc. may be generated during maintenance activities of the proposed developments, particularly for the utilities of the Project, such as cooling, electricity and paints. Chemical waste should be handled and disposal of according to the measures stipulated in the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation and the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes. The quantity of chemical waste arising from the future operation of the proposed Project is expected to be low at 5 litres per month. The chemical waste should be collected by licenced chemical waste collectors and disposal of at licenced waste disposal facilities such as Chemical Waste Treatment Centre (CWTC).

7.5.43 Table 7.5.6 summarised the proposed disposal methods of different types of waste for the operation phase.

Table 7.5.6 Summary of Waste Disposal Methods for Operation Phase

Waste Types	Proposed Disposal Methods
General Refuse	· Recycle as far as possible; · The remaining refuse collected by waste collectors and disposed of at landfills.
Clinical Waste	· Collected by licensed clinical waste collectors to licensed disposal facilities i.e., CWTC.
Chemical Waste	· Collected by licenced chemical waste collectors and disposal at CWTC.

7.5.44 As mentioned in this section, waste generated during operation phase will be transported or disposed of at CWTC and landfills depending on waste types. Table 7.5.7 summarises the information on waste facilities of the Project.

Table 7.5.7 Summary of Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities

Phase	Waste Type	Waste Facility	Location
Public Fill Reception Facility Reception Facilities (PFRFs)
Construction Phase	Inert C&D Materials	Tuen Mun Area 38 Fill Bank	Lung Mun Road, Tuen Mun
Chemical Waste Treatment Centre (CWTC)
Construction and Operation Phase	Chemical Wastes and Clinical Wastes	CWTC	51 Tsing Yi Road South, Tsing Yi
Designated Facility (burial site at landfill)
Prior to Construction Phase	ACMs	Secure burial in a landfill site (to be handled and disposed of by Asbestos Contractor)
Strategic Landfill and Refuse Transfer Stations
Construction and Operation Phase	Non-inert C&D Materials and General Refuse	NENT Landfill (transported directly from site or from STTS)	Ta Kwu Ling, New Territories
		STTS Refuse Transfer Station	On Hing Lane, Sha Tin
		NWNTTS Refuse Transfer Station	Shun Tat Street, Tuen Mun (near Lam Tei)

7.5.45 With the implementation of mitigation measures described in Section 7.6, potential environmental impacts (including potential hazards, air and odour emissions, noise, wastewater discharge and public transport) are not expected.

7.6 Mitigation Measures for Construction Phase

7.6.1 Based on the waste management hierarchy mentioned in Section 7.4.1, waste reduction measures are recommended as follows in order to reduce waste generation. Recommendations of good site practices and waste reduction measures are stated in this section.

Good Site Practices during Construction Phase

7.6.2 Adverse impacts related to waste management such as dust, odour, noise and wastewater discharge are not expected to arise, provided that good site practices are strictly followed. Recommendations for good site practices during the construction activities include:

· Nomination of an approved person, such as a site manager, to be responsible for good site practices, arrangements for collection and effective disposal of all waste generated at the site to an appropriate facility.

· Training of site personnel in proper waste management and chemical handling procedures.

· Provision of sufficient waste disposal points and regular collection of waste.

· Appropriate measures to minimise windblown litter and dust/odour during transportation of waste by either covering trucks or by transporting waste in enclosed containers.

· Stockpiles of C&D materials should be kept covered by impervious sheets to avoid wind-blown dust.

· All dusty materials including C&D materials should be sprayed with water immediately prior to any loading transfer operation to keep the dusty material wet during material handling at the stockpile areas.

· Provision of wheel washing facilities for trucks before leaving the works area to minimise dust introduction to public roads.

· Well planned delivery programme for offsite disposal so adverse environmental impact from transporting inert or non-inert C&D materials is not anticipated

· Regular cleaning and maintenance programme for drainage systems, sumps and oil interceptors.

· General refuse should be removed as soon as possible and avoid overnight accumulation and storage of general refuse.

Waste Reduction Measures

7.6.3 The generation of a significant amount of waste can be prevented through good management and control. Waste reduction is best achieved at the planning and design stage, as well as by ensuring the implementation of good site practices. The following are recommendations to achieve waste reduction in the construction phase:

· Prepare and submit a C&DMMP to PFC for approval in order to manage and monitor the C&D materials generation.

· Segregate inert C&D materials from non-inert C&D materials for reuse.

· Segregate any other recyclable materials (i.e., metal) from non-inert C&D materials for recycling.

· Segregation and storage of different types of waste in different containers or skips or stockpiles to enhance reuse or recycling of materials and their proper disposal.

· Encourage collection of recyclable waste such as waste paper and aluminium cans by providing separate labelled bins to enable such waste to be segregated from other general refuse generated by the workforce.

· Any unused chemicals or those with remaining functional capacity shall be recycled, and separation of chemical wastes for special handling and appropriate treatment Proper site practices to minimise the potential for damage or contamination of inert C&D materials.

· Plan the use of construction materials carefully to minimise amount of waste generated and avoid unnecessary generation of waste.

· Provide training to workers about the concepts of site cleanliness and appropriate waste management procedures, including waste reduce, reuse and recycling (3Rs).

· Prior to disposal of non-inert C&D material, it is recommended that wood, steel and other metals to be separated for reuse and/or recycling to minimise the quantity of waste going to landfills.

7.6.4 The Contractor shall prepare and implement a WMP as part of the EMP in accordance with ETWB TCW No. 19/2005 detailing arrangements for avoidance, recycling, reuse, collection, treatment and disposal of different types of waste. The EMP should be submitted to the Engineer for approval. The Contractor should implement the waste management practices mentioned in the WMP throughout the entire construction stage of the Project. The WMP must be reviewed regularly and updated by the Contractor.

7.6.5 In addition to the above measures, specific mitigation measures are recommended below for the identified waste arising to minimise environmental impacts during storage, collection, transportation and disposal of these wastes.

Storage, Collection and Transportation of Waste

7.6.6 Materials stored on-site would give rise to adverse environmental impacts if they are not properly managed. Recommendations to minimise the impacts include:

· Clean the waste storage areas routinely.

· Soil should be stored well in secured containment facilities.

· Storage areas should be covered and provided with a water spraying system to prevent materials being blown away.

7.6.7 Waste should be collected by licenced collectors employed by the Contractor for the collection and transportation of waste from the work area to the respective disposal site. Recommendations to minimise the impacts include:

· Remove the waste as soon as possible.

· Use enclosed containers or covered trucks for waste transportation in order to minimise the impacts during transportation.

· Relevant permits should be obtained by the waste collector prior to waste collection.

· Record the amount of waste generated, recycled and disposed.

Construction and Demolition (C&D) Materials

7.6.8 In order to minimise impacts resulting from collection and transportation of inert C&D materials for off-site disposal, the inert C&D materials (particularly excavated soil) should be reused on-site as fill material as far as practicable. In addition, inert C&D materials generated from excavation works could be reused as fill materials in local projects that require Public Fill Reception Facilities (PFRFs) for reclamation.

7.6.9 The surplus inert C&D materials will be disposed of at the Government’s PFRFs for beneficial use by other projects in Hong Kong. The C&D materials generated from general site clearance should be sorted on site to segregate any inert C&D materials for reuse or disposal of at PFRFs whereas the non-recyclable non-inert materials will be disposed of at the designated landfill site.

7.6.10 In order to monitor the disposal of inert C&D materials and non-recyclable non-inert C&D waste respectively at PFRFs and the designated landfill site, and to control fly-tipping, it is recommended that the Contractor follow the DEVB Technical Circular (Works) No. 6/2010 for Trip Ticket System for Disposal of Construction & Demolition Materials issued by Development Bureau. In addition, it is also recommended that the Contractor prepare and implement a Waste Management Plan detailing their various waste arising and waste management practices in accordance with the relevant requirements of the ETWB Technical Circular (Works) No. 19/2005 Environmental Management on Construction Site. The WMP becomes part of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for architect/engineer’s approval before construction works.

Chemical Waste

7.6.11 When chemical wastes are produced at the construction site, the Contractor will be required to register with the EPD as a chemical waste producer and follow the guidelines stated in the “Code of Practice on the Packaging Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes”. Good quality containers compatible with the chemical waste should be used, and incompatible chemicals should be stored separately. Appropriate labels should be securely attached on each chemical waste container indicating the corresponding chemical characteristics of the chemical waste, such as flammable, oxidising, irritant, toxic, harmful, corrosive, etc. The Contractor should use a licenced chemical waste collector to transport and dispose of the chemical waste at the approved Chemical Waste Treatment Centre or other licenced recycling facilities, in accordance with the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation.

7.6.12 Potential environmental impacts arising from the handling activities (including storage, collection, transportation and disposal of chemical waste) are expected to be minimal with the implementation of appropriate mitigation measures as recommended.

Asbestos-Containing Materials (ACMs)

7.6.13 ACMs may be encountered during demolition of buildings and site clearance activities, and an asbestos investigation is required. An asbestos specialist shall be employed during construction phase to investigate this issue.

7.6.14 Sufficient and reasonable lead time shall be allowed for the preparation, vetting and implementation of the AIR and AAP in accordance with the Air Pollution Control Ordinance (Cap. 311), before commencement of any demolition or site clearance work.

7.6.15 Some key precautionary measures related to the handling and disposal of asbestos based on Handling of Asbestos Containing Materials in Buildings (ProPECC PN2/97) are listed as follow:

· Adoption of protection, such as full containment, mini containment, or segregation of work area;

· Provision of decontamination facilities for cleaning of works, equipment and bagged waste before leaving the work area;

· Adoption of engineering control techniques to prevent fibre release from work area, such as use of negative pressure equipment with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to control air flow between the work area and the outside environment;

· Wetting of ACMs before and during disturbance, minimizing the breakage and dropping of ACMs, and packing of debris and waste immediately after it is produced;

· Cleaning the work area by wet wiping and vacuuming with HEPA-filtered vacuum cleaner;

· Coating on surfaces previously in contact with or contained by asbestos with a sealant;

· Proper bagging, safe storage and disposal of asbestos and asbestos-containing waste;

· Pre-treatment of all effluent from the work area before discharged; and

· Implement air monitoring to check the leakage and clearance of the work area during and after the asbestos work.

7.6.16 The proper handling and disposal of ACMs will be carried out in accordance with EPD’s Code of Practice on Handling, Transportation and Disposal of Asbestos Waste and Practice Note for Professional Persons – Handling of ACM in Buildings.

Potential Contamination from Equipment Spillage or Leakage

7.6.17 It is considered unlikely that contaminated land issues, subject to site investigation, would be a concern during either the construction or operation of the proposed development as remediation on contaminated areas would be carried out prior to construction (the evaluation of residual impact of land contamination assessment can be referred to Section 8.7). However, as a precautionary measure, standard good site practices shall also be observed during construction phase as spillage or leakage from construction plants, equipment or chemicals may pose potential contamination to the soil and/or groundwater.

General Refuse

7.6.18 During construction, general refuse should be segregated at source for recyclable and non-recyclable waste to be stored in either tri-coloured recycling bins or general refuse bins. Bins shall be enclosed or in the form of compaction units separated from inert C&D materials. A reputable waste collector should be employed by the Contractor to remove recyclable and non-recyclable general refuse from the site, separately from inert C&D materials. Preferably an enclosed and covered area should be provided to reduce the occurrence of 'wind-blown' light material.

7.7 Mitigation Measures for Operation Phase

7.7.1 Mitigation measures are implemented for the identified types of waste in order to minimise the potential adverse impacts to the environment during operation phase and are listed below:

General Refuse

7.7.2 As mentioned in Section 7.5.40, general refuse is estimated at 34 tpd and is the main waste type which would be generated during operation phase. General refuse should be collected on a daily basis and delivered to the refuse collection point accordingly. A reputable waste collector (either private or public) should be employed to remove general refuse regularly to avoid odour nuisance or pest/vermin problems. Sufficient recycling containers are recommended to be provided at suitable and noticeable locations in the area to encourage recycling of waste such as aluminium cans, plastics bottles and wastepaper. The management offices of the new development should minimise the amount of waste to be disposed of at landfill and maximise the recovery of materials from the waste stream.

7.7.3 Based on the estimated total general waste generation of 34 tpd and the current waste intakes of serving waste facilities (refer to Table 7.3.2), in addition to an effectual waste prevention and recycling programme, problems in accommodating the waste generated is not anticipated to cause significant environmental impacts. It is estimated that 19%[18] of general refuse produced shall be recycled (6.5 tpd) and amounting 27.5 tpd for final disposal. Assuming the transfer of all general refuse to one waste facility, the proposed development may increase the waste intake of STTS, NENT or NWNTTS to 1,682.5 tpd, 6,027.5 tpd or 1,287.5 tpd, respectively.

Chemical Waste

7.7.4 In the case of chemical waste being generated, the operator should register with EPD as a Chemical Waste Producer. The chemical waste should be collected periodically in drum-type containers and disposed of at CWTC at Tsing Yi by licenced chemical waste collectors. With proper handling, storage and disposal of the chemical waste, no adverse environmental impact is expected to be generated

7.7.5 The Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation and the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes shall be followed when implementing a trip-ticket system by the operator to monitor the chemical waste disposal process.

Clinical Waste

7.7.6 In accordance with the Code of Practice for the Management of Clinical Waste - Small Clinical Waste Producers (June 2010), clinical waste shall be properly separated from other waste, packed, labelled, centrally collected and stored in designated clinical waste storage rooms. Clinical waste shall be collected by licensed clinical waste collectors for disposal at the licensed disposal facility. It is the responsibility of the management of welfare facilities to find the list of licensed waste collectors (as provided on EPD’s website) and implement adequate clinical waste collection at regular intervals.

7.8 Residual Waste Management Implications

7.8.1 With the implementation of recommended mitigation measures for the handling, transportation and disposal of the identified waste, adverse residual waste management implications are not anticipated for both the construction and operation phases.

7.9 Environmental Monitoring and Audit

7.9.1 The Contractor is responsible for ensuring all waste generated are stored, handled and disposed of in accordance with good waste management practices, relevant guidelines and legislation during the construction period.

7.9.2 A WMP should be prepared as part of the EMP in accordance with ETWB TC(W) No.19/2005 and submitted to the Engineer for approval. The recommended mitigation measures should form the basis of the WMP. The monitoring and auditing requirement stated in ETWB TC(W) No.19/2005 should be followed regarding the management of C&D materials.

7.9.3 General refuse is the main waste type which would be generated during operation phase, however, adverse environmental impacts would not be anticipated by implementation of good waste management practices, sufficient capacity of serving waste disposal facilities, a waste reduction and recycling programme.

7.10 Conclusion

7.10.1 The types and volumes of waste generated during the construction and operation stages of the Project have been evaluated. A C&DMMP is required as the estimated quantity of C&D materials to be generated is over 50,000 m³, and according to Section 4.1.3 of the PAH, the proposed Project is not classified as “designated” projects under Schedule 2 of the EIAO but is generating surplus C&D materials in excess of 300,000 m3 – the C&DMMP shall be submitted to PFC in principal approval prior to commencement of the detailed design stage. The C&DMMP should be vetted and endorsed by the departmental Vetting Committee before submitting it to PFC for approval. As such, the C&DMMP shall be available in a later stage.

Construction Phase

7.10.2 Potential waste management implications from the generation of waste during the construction phase have been evaluated. Mitigation measures, including the opportunity for on-site sorting, reusing excavated clean soil and fill materials are devised in the construction method to minimise the surplus materials to be disposed. Recommendations have been made for implementation by the Contractor during the construction period to minimise waste generation and off-site disposal. The disposal quantities for C&D materials and their disposal methods have also been assessed.

7.10.3 An estimated total of 950,000 m³ of C&D materials are expected to be generated, of which 620,000 m³ are inert C&D materials and 330,000 m³ are non-inert C&D materials. Out of the non-inert C&D materials (clean soil) 56,000 m³ is expected to be reused on-site. 50,000 m³ of inert C&D materials is expected to reuse on-site and 570,000 m³ is estimated to be disposed of at the Public Fill Reception Facility (Tuen Mun Area 38 Fill Bank), whereas 66,000 m³ of non-inert C&D materials shall be recycled prior to off-site disposal and 208,000 m³ of non-inert C&D materials shall be disposed of at designated landfill (NENT).

7.10.4 Construction waste is suggested to be on-site recycled and reused as much as possible. Various waste management measures and good site practices also provided to reduce the volume of waste. Provided that the waste is managed by implementing all the recommended measures, no unacceptable adverse environmental impacts arising from the handling, storage, transportation or disposal of the waste generated by the Project would be envisaged.

7.10.5 During construction phase, chemical waste generated shall be collected by a licenced chemical waste collector and to be disposed of at a licenced chemical waste treatment and disposal facility – the Chemical Waste Treatment Centre (CWTC). The chemical waste shall be handled in accordance with the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Waste published by the EPD.

7.10.6 All ACMs, if confirmed to be present within the existing premises, must be removed in accordance with the Air Pollution Control Ordinance and prior to the demolition work. The amount of asbestos wastes generated shall be confirmed upon results from the Asbestos Investigation Report. The removal and disposal of asbestos wastes are to be conducted by a licensed waste collector in compliance with the Waste Disposal Ordinance.

Operation Phase

7.10.7 The types of waste that would be generated during the operation phase have been assessed. Recommendations have been made to ensure proper treatment and waste disposal.

7.10.8 From operation phase, general refuse is the main waste type which would be generated from the operation of housing site, other waste types include clinical waste and chemical waste is also expected. Approximately 34 tpd general refuse shall be generated, of which 6.5 tpd shall be recycled and 27.5 tpd for final disposal. The amount of general refuse going to landfills should be minimised and the recovery of materials from the waste stream should be maximised.

7.10.9 Clinical and chemical wastes are anticipated from the operation of welfare facilities. Clinical waste shall be segregated from other sources and types of waste streams at the source, centrally collected and stored in designated clinical waste storage rooms before collection by licensed clinical waste collectors for disposal at a licensed disposal facility such as the CWTC. It is the responsibility of the management of welfare facilities to find the list of licensed waste collectors (as provided on EPD’s website) and implement adequate clinical waste collection at regular intervals.

7.10.10 Chemical waste shall be handled and disposal of according to the measures stipulated in the Waste Disposal (Chemical Waste) (General) Regulation, and the Code of Practice on the Packaging, Labelling and Storage of Chemical Wastes shall also be observed. Chemical wastes shall be collected periodically in drum-type containers and disposed of at CWTC at Tsing Yi by licensed chemical waste collectors.

7.10.11 With the proper handling and implementation of recommended mitigation measures for the handling, transportation and disposal of the wastes generated from Project activities, adverse residual waste management implications are not anticipated for both the construction and operation phases.

[1] According to “Monitoring of Solid Waste in Hong Kong, 2020” by EPD

[2]CH2M-IDC (2004). Project Profile for Expansion of Fill Bank at Tuen Mun Area 38. Accessible at: https://www.epd.gov.hk/eia/register/profile/latest/dir113.pdf.

[3] Based on total intake of 180,861 tonnes from April 16 to 30, 2022. Average daily intake is at 12,057 tpd.

[4] https://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/misc/cdm/scheme.htm#j

[5] Problems & Solutions North East New Territories (NENT) Landfill. EPD. Accessible at: https://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/prob_solutions/msw_nent.html.

[6] Problems & Solutions Shatin Transfer Station. EPD. Accessible at: https://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/prob_solutions/msw_stts.html.

[7] Problems & Solutions North West New Territories Transfer Station. EPD. Accessible at: https://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/prob_solutions/msw_nwntrts.html.

[8] Introduction of Chemical Waste Treatment Centre Special Features of CWTC. EPD. Accessible at: https://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/prob_solutions/chemical_cwtcintro.html.

[9] Problems & Solutions Animal Waste Composting Plant, Background information. EPD. Accessible at: https://www.epd.gov.hk/epd/english/environmentinhk/waste/prob_solutions/livestock_waste.html.

[10] Products & Services Treatment Facility. ALBA IWS. Accessible at: weee.com.hk/treatment-facility.php?id=3.

[11] What is O Park1? O Park1. Accessible at: https://www.opark.gov.hk/en/index.php.

[12] What is Sludge? T Park. Accessible at: https://www.tpark.hk/en/story/.

[13] Plate 2.7 Per capita disposal rates of MSW, domestic waste and commercial & industrial waste from 2010 to 2020, “Monitoring of Solid Waste in Hong Kong, 2020” by EPD.

[14] Subject to further investigation by the Registered Asbestos Consultant during the construction phase

[15] Estimation number of population / no. of staff referenced from Table 6.3.1 of Chapter 6 EIA Report.

[16] Disposal rate of MSW extracted from Plate 2.7 of “Monitoring of Solid Waste in Hong Kong, 2020” by EPD.

[17] Reference taken from Plate 2.13a and Plate 2.13b of “Monitoring of Solid Waste in Hong Kong, 2020” by EPD for estimating the amount of clinical waste generated.

[18] Figure based on the recovery rate of domestic waste in 2020. Environmental Protection Department (2020). Plate 3.2, Monitoring of Solid Waste in Hong Kong – Waste Statistics for 2020. Waste Data & Statistics, Resources and Downloads, Environmental Protection Department.